People's Democracy

Ayodhya Excavations: VHP Lies Exposed

Addressing a packed press conference Professor Prabhat Patnaik introduced the disntinguished panel of historians (Professor Irfan Habib and K M Shrimali) and archeologists (Professor Suraj Bhan, Supriya Verma, Nadeem Rizvi and Jaya Menon) who had come to discuss the on-going excavations at the site of the Babri Masjid complex. The Press Conference was organised by SAHMAT.

Professor Patnaik referred to the two ‘alternative’ strategies being talked about by the government --- ‘the negotiated settlement’ and the ‘legislative solution.’ Both in his view are unconstitutional and would lay down dangerous precedents that violate the rule of law. According to Professor Patnaik negotiated settlement would allow room for arm-twisting and the weaker party will stand to loose.

Professor Irfan Habib emphasized that the excavation order to ‘find out whether a temple existed or not’ was unscientifically formulated. The on-going excavation reflects this basic weakness. Archeological finds are not being documented or evaluated rigorously. He asserted that the excavation, by the demolition of the entire Babir Masjid complex has ‘completed’ the process of demolition which was started by the kar sevaks with the demolition of the mosque in 1992.

The excavation has shown that the so-called ‘pillar-bases’ and other anomalies referred to by the Tojo-Vikas team that led to the order to excavate proved unfounded as nothing of significance was found in the areas indicated by them. What are being called pillar bases today are brick-bats that are neither load-bearing nor in any way associated with the tradition of temple architecture. The broken pillar pieces found are those of the demolished Masjid and have been found in its debris. Further, small animal bones with cut marks and Muslim glazed ware suggested habitation by a meat-eating population. The presence of graves, which unfortunately are not being measured, the skeletal posture noted, or documented, makes it an unlikely site for a temple.

Taking of the negotiated settlement and the stipulation that a mosque may be constructed outside of a ten km radius from the original site, Professor Habib pointed out that the nearest main mosque is only one-and-a-half kms from the Babri Masjid site. The mendacious ‘restriction’ on mosques being proposed violate constitutional provisions and existing parliamentary legislation concerning the protection of places of worship.

Professor Suraj Bhan pointed out that computer generated graphics of the site that have been published in sections of the media were doctored, incomplete and misleading. He stressed that finding a temple is not a matter of finding some antiquities of indefinite age and context. A temple is a structure and there is no evidence of such a structure in the excavations. Three levels of flooring have been excavated between which filling containing material only from Mauryan and Kushan periods is found. All three levels are mosque floors, (plastered with chunaum and surkhi), the upper two being of the Babri Masjid and the lowest one of an earlier smaller mosque, probably of the sultanate period, on which the Babri Masjid was built.

As far as the inscribed slab being talked about is concerned, Professor Suraj Bhan, who like all the other archeologists at the conference, has visited the excavation site and examined the materials and their locations, said that he observed it to be “lying upside down along with kankar stones in a deep filling in the pit. The pit seems to have been filled at the time of the renovation of the Babri masjid in the 19th century.”

A six page statement by Nadeem Rizvi countering point by point the tendentious reporting on the excavations finds in the weekly magazine Outlook was also issued at the press conference.

Following is the full text of the statement released at the press conference:

The Archaeological Survey of India’s excavations at the site of the Babri Masjid, Ayodhya are now drawing to a close, though the ASI has sought the High Court’s permission to continue the work till the end of this month, apparently to enable them to excavate two or three trenches in the so called “Sanctuary” where the Ram Lalla image is now placed.  By this time the ASI has dug up and destroyed what the karsevaks had not demolished, namely the floors and foundation walls of the Masjid.  In any archaeological operation elsewhere such treatment of monumental remains would be deemed totally unprofessional and impermissible.

All this has been done in the expectation, enflamed by the earlier Tojo Vikas International’s geo-physical survey report (undated), on the basis of which the Allahabad High Court ( Lucknow Bench) was pleased to order the excavation. This report spoke of “anomalies” and ‘pillars’ below the Babri masjid, and so suggested that structural remains would be found beneath the mosque. It may be recalled that SAHMAT issued a statement on March 8 doubting the credentials of this Company, questioning its surveying methods, and finally its interpretation of the data. SAHMAT pointed out that the Company itself provided for a wide range of possibilities from the data, but selected for specific mention only such of these as might please their employers.  It was, on the face of it, a thoroughly unprofessional piece of conduct on their part.

In pursuit of Tojo-International’s predicted pre-masjid structures the ASI dug up 82 trenches by June 5, 2003. Except for a small area around Ram Lalla the entire area of the Masjid complex  including Ram Chabutra has been dug upto depths of several meters. The ASI submitted its first progress report to the High Court on work done till April 24, 2003 when as many as 52 trenches (4 x 4 metres each) had been excavated. SAHMAT in another statement on May 6, showing that the only structural remains the ASI had actually found were those associated  with the construction of the Mosque or of the period of Muslim habitation. The pervasive presence of animal bones with cut marks and Muslim glazed ware, and the entire absence of even a trace of anything that could indicate structural remains of a temple. The ASI report seemed only to clutch at straws, which on close scrutiny could  be seen as contrary to the details it had itself provided.

Matters have become definitively clear with the ASI’s latest progress report that deals with the latest period, May 22 to June 5, covering 30 new trenches, so that now the entire mosque complex and much of the surrounding area has been covered.

In trench after trench, no structural remains below the mosque’s floor level have been found at all. The structural remains found in some trenches are all of construction associated with the mosque, viz, brick walls, mosque-floors, lime mortar, etc. The “structural bases”, which were mentioned with some enthusiasm in the first progress report, but were, alas, found to be uniformly of brick-bats and so neither load-bearing nor in any way associated with any known tradition of Hindu temple architecture, are now termed “pillar bases”. Only seven have been  claimed to be found in six trenches, out of the thirty excavated. No alignment or uniformity of level is claimed for them.

The ASI’s report also lists finds yielded by the excavation. It needs to be noted that in trench F3, the 1.61 metre high decorated black stone pillar (broken) with Yaksha figurines on four corners” is one of the black pillars which had belonged to the Babri Majsid and was broken up when the Babri Masjid was destroyed by the karsevaks. It has been retrieved from above the Babri Majid floor, and is, therefore, no new discovery and has nothing to do with any possible temple remains below the Mosque. On the other hand, all other finds suggest either Muslim habitation (Arbic inscription of holy verses’, glazed tiles) or ordinary medieval occupation .

In view of all this, the VHP and its supporters are now falling  back on “faith”. Bu they are unable to produce any scriptural authority or any documents to show that Lord Rama was really born exactly at this spot. In other words, the “faith” they are talking about is only faith invented by them.

Others of the BJP camp faced with the debate that the excavations have placed them are speaking of “compromise”. The conditions of this “compromise”, so far appearing in the press, are that (I) Muslims can build a Mosque 10 k.m. away from the Babri Masjid site and (2) the Hindu claims on Mosques at Varanasi and Mathura will not be pursued.

One does not understand whom these proposals are expected to fool.  The present main mosque of Ayodhya is itself barely 1 and half k.m from the Babri Masjid, and there are other mosques in the town.  Any one who owns land can build a mosque at any distance from the mosque so what is the sense of the 10 km restriction?

Secondly, any change in the religious status of a place of worship from what it was on August 15,1947 is barred by an Act of Parliament, 1991. What the proposed compromise suggested that this too is an open issue, which it is not.

Finally, what is forgotten is the heinous crime carried out on December 6, 1992. No talks of compromise has any meaning when the perpetrators of that outrage walk not only free, but are in control of the state itself. They must, above all, be first brought to book.